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Kenya is located in the eastern part of Africa. It has an area of about 150,000 square kilometers. It is a very popular tourist destination and also a hot spot for climbing and hiking. In the central highlands a couple of hundred kilometers north of the equator lays Mt. Kenya. Mount Kenya is the highest mountain in Kenya , and the second-highest in Africa (after Mount Kilimanjaro). The highest peaks of the mountain are Batian (5,199 m), Nelion (5,188 m) and Lenana (4,985 m). Mount Kenya is located in central Kenya, just south of the Ecuador, over 100 miles northeast of Nairobi. The mountain is an extinct (dead) volcano standing alone, which last erupted between 2.6 and 3.1 million years ago. Its slopes include several different bio mes; the lowest parts are dry upland forest, changing to mountain forest of juniper and podocarpus at about 2,000 m, with a belt of bamboo.

Mount Kenya stands somewhat unjustly in the shadow of it’s taller neighbour Kilimanjaro, which lies some 320km away in the south and is visible on a clear day. Kili may see much more traffic – due to the possibility of summit-ting via several non-technical trekking routes and due to the sometimes dubious honour of being one of the Seven Summits – but Mount Kenya offers a wealth of excellent and diverse climbing possibilities on rock, snow and ice. During the months of December-early March climbers ascend the Shipton Route to the summit of Nelion, while during the months early June- September the route of choice will be the North Face Standard directly to Batian.

Volcanic activity at Mt. Kenya was concentrated in Pleistocene times. Much of this activity took place through the many vents on the slopes of the volcano. Most visitors are content to marvel at the mountain’s beauty but some will want to attempt to reach the peaks; a feat requiring considerable rock climbing skill. But the mountain’s lesser peaks and glaciers can be scaled and walked by the fit and the adventurous. Point Lenana, 4985m, can be easily reached. Climbing on Mount Kenya is serious and it is important to acclimatise well before tackling the main summits. It is advisable to do a training climb on a minor peak before going up Nelion or Batian.

On expedition to Mt Kenya, you will find the scenic snow-capped peaks, magnificent cliffs and glaciers, spectacular waterfalls and valleys, and rolling slopes with thick forests cover. Mount Kenya has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its outstanding ecology. It’s located 180 kilometers north of Nairobi and just 20 km from the equator.

Bromo is a popular tourist destination in East Java.
The volcano is noted for its spectacular sunrises, and majestic views across to Semeru volcano in the south.
Two people were killled during an eruption of Bromo on 8th June 2004.
Bromo is the only active crater in a caldera which contains seven eruptive centres.
In 1838 the crater was filled with a lake.
The Ngadisari caldera at the NE end of the complex formed about 150,000 years ago and is now drained through the Sapikerep Valley. The most recent of the Tengger calderas is the 9 x 10 km wide Sandsea Caldera at the SW end of the complex, which formed incrementally during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. An overlapping cluster of post-caldera cones was constructed on the floor of the Sandsea Caldera within the last several thousand years. The youngest of these is Bromo, one of Java’s most active and most frequently visited volcanoes.
Volcano type : Stratovolcano
Location : East Java, Indonesia, 7.942°S / 112.95°E
Summit elevation 2329 m (7,641 ft)
Last eruptions 1804, 1815, 1820, 1822, 1825, 1829, 1830, 1835, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867-68, 1877, 1885, 1885-86, 1886, 1886-87, 1888(?), 1890, 1893, 1896, 1906-07, 1907, 1907-08, 1909, 1910, 1915-16, 1921, 1922, 1928, 1930, 1935, 1939, 1940, 1948, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1972, 1980, 1983(?), 1983, 1984, 1995 (March-May), 1995 (Sep-Dec), 2000 (Nov)-20001 (Jan), 2004 (June)

A long time ago in the southern Caribbean an undersea volcano erupted from the ocean’s floor. Spewing its lava, the volcano built an undersea mountain that grew higher and higher, eventually growing above the surface of the sea.
This was the beggining of the island now we called “Monserrat“.
Montserrat is a lush, mountainous island in the Caribbean Sea, located in the Leeward Islands. It measures approximately 16 km long and 11 km wide, giving 40km of coastline.

The Soufriere Hills Volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat began erupting in 1995.The activity of the volcano is monitored by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory, which has been managed by the BGS.

The Soufriere Hills volcano is composed of a lava dome complex. It is not a symmetrical cone shape, as is commonly associated with volcanoes, because the erupted lava is very viscous or sticky. As viscous lava is not very fluid, when it is extruded it cannot flow away from the vent easily. Instead it piles up on top of the vent forming a large dome shaped mass of material.