
Colombia is bordered on the northwest by Panama, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, and on the southwest by Peru and Ecuador. Through the western half of the country, three Andean ranges run north and south. The eastern half is a low, jungle-covered plain, drained by spurs of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, inhabited mostly by isolated tropical-forest Indian tribes. The fertile plateau and valley of the eastern range are the most densely populated parts of the country.
Official Name: Republica de Colombia.
Capital: Bogota.
Independence day: July 20, 1810.
NATURAL FEATURES
Area: 440,831 square miles (1,141,748 square kilometres), includes the San Andres y Providencia archipelago.
Climate:Tropical. Varies according to the altitude.
Highest Peak: Pico Cristobal Colon, 19,020 feet (5,800 meters).
Major Rivers: Magdalena, Cauca, Meta, Guaviare, Caqueta, Putumayo, Atrato, Vaupes, Vichada.
Mountain Ranges: Occidental, Central, Oriental.
PEOPLE
Population: 39,309,422 (July 1999 est.); 89.2, people per square mile (34.5 people per square kilometer); 73 percent urban, 27 percent rural.
Major Cities: Bogota, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cucuta, Bucaramanga
Religions: Roman Catholicism, 95.4%.
Language: Spanish (official).
Leading Universities: National University of Colombia, University of the Andes, Javeriana Pontifical University, all in Bogota; Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia, Tunja; University of Valle, Cali; University of Antioquia, Medellin; Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga.
GOVERNMENT
Form of Government: Unitary republic.
Chief of State and Head of Government: President; elected to four-year nonconsecutive terms by direct national vote.
President:Alvaro Uribe Velez
Legislature: Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives; members elected to four-year terms. Voting Qualification: Age 18.
Political Divisions: 32 departments since July 1991, 1 capital district.
ECONOMY
Main Agricultural Products: Crops; sugarcane, potatoes, plantains, rice, bananas, cassavas, corn, coffee, flowers. Livestock; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens.
Main Mined Products: Petroleum, natural gas, gold, coal, iron ore.
Main Manufactured Products: Foods, textiles, chemicals, machinery, electrical apparatus, transport equipment, metal products.
Main Exports: Coffee, petroleum and petroleum products, fruits, flowers, iron and steel, textile and apparel.
Main Imports: Machinery, chemicals, transport equipment.
Monetary Unit: Peso.
Coffee for Colombia, Cartels for Colombia, Cocaine for Colombia – cliches can’t conjure the diverse terrain of mountains, valleys, deserts, beaches, lowlands and jungles all tossed together into a delicious scramble. Have absolutely no doubt that the Colombians know their international reputation. The truth is that most of them lead very normal and peaceful lives. Exercise caution when you are in Cali and Medellin, the drug dens, and your visit should be memorable.![]()
Colombians have very strong family ties, which makes it easy to explain why the world’s most
(in)famous cartels belong to Colombia. They are hospitable people and the best coffee “tinto”, well sugared, is offered to the revered guest with extraordinary courtesy. Colombian jewellery is incomparable and the emeralds are among the most perfect in the world. Add to this the temperate climate all year long of its capital city, Bogota, and you have every reason to visit the country.